How does mechanization of forest fruit production start a siege?

　　Forestry and fruit industry is an important part of agricultural industrial structure, and there are many kinds, including apple, citrus, grape, pear, peach, longan, banana, walnut, chestnut, hawthorn, hazelnut, ginkgo, date, persimmon and so on. With the adjustment of people's dietary structure and the enhancement of nutrition and health consciousness, its nutritional value has been paid more and more attention at the same time, its commodity value has also gradually improved. At the same time, the characteristics of forest and fruit trees, such as drought resistance, poverty resistance and easy planting and growth, have also become an important consideration for rural revitalization in many areas. But because forest fruit "does not compete for land with food", more planting in mountainous areas, hills, etc., the plot is small, the soil is barren, or there is sand and gravel, there is no machine plow, very not conducive to mechanization. The "congenital deficiency" of natural conditions has seriously affected the development of mechanization. At present, the mechanization level of forestry and fruit industry is lower than 30%, which cannot meet the needs of industrial development.

　　In addition, horticulture operation links, mainly including seedling, planting, spraying, harvest, transport, trenching fertilization, pruning branches and branches, and part of the fruit of comb comb flower fruit, outdoor grapes assignments include north winter buried soil, spring soil, tie vines and leaves screen processing, etc., using artificial homework more, combined with extensive management, affect the quality of products. Moreover, in the current situation of sharp decline in rural population, serious aging and sharp increase in labor costs, the forestry and fruit industry is in urgent need of "machine replacement".

　　In the "Statistical annual report of national agricultural mechanization", forest and fruit machinery mainly includes pruners and excavators, which are mostly small and hand-held, with low operating efficiency. In hilly and mountainous areas, it is difficult for machines to climb the mountain, and there is an urgent need for technical breakthroughs. "Therefore, to develop the mechanization of forest and fruit, we must first adjust measures to local conditions, agricultural machinery and agronomy integration, the establishment of standardized parks. For the park with flat land, develop automatic and intelligent orchards; The development of light and simplified machinery in hilly and mountainous areas with large slope can draw on the way of mountain rail transport vehicles, and the appropriate mechanical transformation of joint land preparation is considered for gentle slope, and the local natural rainfall and ecological environment should be considered comprehensively." National grape industry technology system mechanization of production management position, mechanization of agriculture NongCunBu characteristic economic crops full experts fruit group, secretary general of the steering group, China agricultural university institute of technology professor li-ming hsu told reporters, in addition, but also according to the complex topography, an appropriate machine modification, pruning branches, is advantageous for the mechanized operation, reduce artificial operation cost. Agricultural machinery enterprises in the design and development of machinery, should mainly consider the production areas, varieties of standardized park, improve the quality of operation and machine reliability and safety.

　　"Improving the mechanization level of forest fruit production is a multi-party interactive process." According to Xu liming, agricultural technology extension personnel should select the main fruit varieties, cultivation mode and suitable operation machinery in the region according to the local natural conditions, so as to form the local mechanization operation mode of fruit. In the development of forest and fruit industry in each region, it is necessary to sort out the advantages of local characteristic forest and fruit, planting regions, dominant varieties and cultivation modes, build or transform suitable mechanized standard parks, configure mechanized technology and equipment, and gradually develop towards automation and intelligence. It is better to take the whole industry chain of forest fruit as the core, dig deeply the cultural connotation, organically combine the forest fruit industry with the local cultural deposits, and form a unique forest fruit industry. At the same time, focus on scientific research, increase investment in scientific research funds, joint efforts to improve the level of mechanization of local fruit industry.

　　The reporter learned that the grapes planted in the open field in north China, because of the cold wind, the vine should be drained, in winter need to be removed, and need to cover about 10-20 cm of soil on the vine. Around tomb-sweeping day, the vines rise from the soil and are tied to the wire. Before the whole process is manual operation, labor intensity, low efficiency. And if the vines have sprouted late, manual work will knock out the sprouts, affecting the growth and fruit of the grape. In view of this problem, Xu Liming led his team to research and tackle key problems for many years, and developed a grape brush cleaning machine, which effectively solved the problem of grape vine cleaning soil, and improved the working efficiency by more than 5 times. Up to now, she has led the team has developed a grape brush cleaning machine, deep application of organic fertilizer machine, plant obstacle avoidance weeding machine, branch crushing and returning machine, ditching and ridge machine, sand and gravel collecting machine, buried soil compaction machine, leaf screen trimmer and so on. The machine has been promoted in Xinjiang, Ningxia, Gansu, Beijing, Hebei and other places, promoting the green and healthy development of the local grape industry.

　　"In addition, the purchase of fruit machinery subsidy policy has stimulated the enthusiasm of fruit farmers to buy machinery, improved labor efficiency, increased the income of fruit farmers, and promoted the improvement of the mechanization level of local fruit trees." Xu Liming told reporters, in addition to the national unity of the purchase of machinery subsidies, provinces and cities will also according to their own forest fruit industry characteristics of subsidies. For example, Xinjiang, one of the important regions of characteristic forest fruits in China, released a list of subsidies for agricultural machinery and tools in July last year, detailing the subsidies for all kinds of forest fruit machinery, among which simple storage equipment can be subsidized according to storage capacity, up to 33,400 yuan per unit.