Giving An Example to the Green Development of Modern Agriculture

　　The Agricultural industry standard of the People's Republic of China, Technical Specification for Evaluation of Ecological Farm, has been implemented since November 1st, 2020. Since then, the word "Ecological" of ecological farm is not only a pursuit of agricultural concept by practitioners, but also a yardstick to measure whether the agricultural industry meets the requirements of green development. Recently, the Agricultural Ecology and Resources Protection Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the China Agricultural Ecology and Environment Protection Association announced the list of 132 "Ecological Farm" in the first batch, which set a model for promoting the green development of modern agriculture in various regions.

　　Clarify the concept of ecological farm

　　Different from conventional farms, ecological farms are based on ecological principles and follow the principles of integration, coordination, circulation, regeneration and diversity. Ecological agricultural technologies, modern advanced equipment and green and low-carbon concepts are introduced into agricultural development practice subjects, covering but not equal to organic farms. It is simply defined as resource matching, environmental friendliness and product safety while consistently achieving maximum yield. The 132 ecological farms were selected through multiple rigorous procedures, such as recommendation and application, form review, preliminary material evaluation, on-site evaluation, comprehensive evaluation and results publicity.

　　In some areas of farmland, due to the lack of drainage management, those fertilizers and pesticides left in agricultural production activities continue to flow into the river, containing nitrogen and phosphorus and other nutrients and other organic or inorganic pollutants will directly affect the water quality, causing adverse effects on the environment. For ecological farms, this is an index that must be strictly controlled. Jiangsu Huaxi Urban Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. is one of the first batch of ecological farms. They reduce organic and inorganic emissions through the implementation of fertilizer and pesticide reduction technology, intelligent precision irrigation, and the recycling and reuse of nutrients lost from farmland, vegetables and fishery, and at the same time, ecological ditches are configured in the production farmland. Submerged plants are planted in the canal to purify the water. (Submerged plants generally refer to aquatic plants whose plants are all located below the water layer. Each part of the plant body can absorb water and nutrients, and the aerenchyma is particularly developed, which is conducive to gas exchange in the absence of air in the water. The leaves of these plants are mostly banded or filamentous, such as sophora, goldfish, bristlechina, black algae, etc.).

　　The grass in the water is good for purifying the water, but the grass in the rice field is not so easy, and weeding the rice field is quite difficult. Chemical weed control with herbicides is not the optimal choice. Comprehensive control and green prevention and control are advocated now. For example, planting management can be improved, strong and healthy rice seedlings can be cultivated, ecological grass control can be played, and the occurrence base of weeds in rice fields can be reduced. Combined with planting structure adjustment, implement crop rotation and stubble to reduce the occurrence base of weeds in paddy fields; We will vigorously promote straw returning to fields, intertillage weeding and other technologies. In the organic production area of the Huaxi Metropolitan Company, the mode of winter tillage + batch water weeding + sporadic manual weeding is being tested.

　　But at Shanghai Malu Grape Park, one of the first eco-farms, grass is a different story.

　　Different from ordinary greenhouses, Malu Grape Park's vines are covered with grass and spiders and earthworms can be seen everywhere -- this is the "orchard grass" scene. The grass is deliberately planted, mainly yellow alfalfa, perennial ryegrass. Compared with clear cultivation, grass planting can not only fertilize soil, increase organic matter and other nutrients, but also improve soil moisture, moisture and fertilizer protection effect. The results showed that the soil alkalinity decreased and the contents of organic matter, available potassium and available phosphorus increased.

　　Soil improvement also has the added benefit of increasing the diversity of life in orchards when grass grows, attracting natural enemies of insect pests and creating a small ecological balance. Spiders and hoverflies, for example, suppress aphids. Malu grape is a well-known geographical indication product. It adopts green ecological planting mode and uses many biological and physical means to control diseases and insect pests. In addition to grass to create a small ecological balance, you can also plant garlic, garlic contains allicin, has a certain insect repellent effect; After grape germinates in the greenhouse hung a yellow board, can kill aphids, whitefly, bemisia tabaci, planthoppers, leaf hoppers, such as spot divers. Oh, and snails, grapes just sprout snails climb! There is no other move to catch, in fact, snails to feed the chicken is also pretty good...

　　Build a batch of agricultural green transformation vanguard

　　Yan Dongquan, head of the Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said in an interview that the first batch of ecological farm evaluation pilot work is to create a batch of green agricultural transformation vanguard, to provide strong support for the innovative development of ecological circular agriculture. This evaluation focuses on the "Yangtze River Delta" region and takes into account other regions, because the natural conditions and economic development of these regions are more conducive to the cultivation and evaluation of ecological farms. The next evaluation will be carried out in a wider range. They will organize experts in agricultural ecological and environmental protection systems and industries across the country to speed up the cultivation of ecological farms, provide better service and guidance, strengthen follow-up evaluation, carry out publicity and promotion, and promote high-quality cultivation of ecological farms, so as to make new and greater contributions to the green development of agriculture and rural ecological revitalization.

　　He said that promoting the construction of ecological farms is an important measure to implement Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization and promote the construction of ecological civilization in rural areas. It is also an important carrier to explore the path of realizing agricultural modernization and promote the precise implementation of the policies and measures of "three products, one standard" in agricultural production. It is an important starting point to accelerate the green transformation of agriculture, effectively implement the reduction of inputs, clean production, waste resources and ecological industrial model in production practice. Not long ago, The State Council issued the "14th Five-year Plan" to Promote Agricultural and Rural Modernization, which put forward clear requirements for the construction of ecological farms. The 14th Five-year National Agricultural Green Development Plan and the 14th Five-year Circular Economy Development Plan issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments have made special arrangements for the construction of ecological farms.

　　Sun Fajun, deputy director of the Science, Technology and Education Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that the development of eco-circular agriculture can solve the problem of soil becoming "thin", "thin" and "hard", and ensure the country's food security and effective supply of important agricultural products. We can optimize, upgrade and refine the agricultural industry to ensure both supply and ecology, and ensure that people have enough to eat and eat well. We can foster better varieties of agricultural products, raise the quality of agricultural products, build brands and implement standardized production measures, so as to improve agricultural quality, efficiency and competitiveness. It can give full play to its resource-saving and environment-friendly function, reduce the use of chemical inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and mulching film at the source, and efficiently recycle agricultural and rural waste at the end, so as to realize the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction and accelerate the overall green transformation and upgrading of agriculture.

　　Sun said that in the next step, the department of Science and Education will set up an expert steering group for ecological farms, which will be set up at the main ecological station. The group will be responsible for tackling key technologies and promoting them, summarizing and selecting ecological agricultural technology models, and guiding provinces to formulate planning schemes, create supportive policies, apply production technologies and evaluate the implementation effects. At the same time, it is necessary to promote the establishment of a government-guided, market-led and society-involved collaborative promotion mechanism for ecological farms, and promote the implementation of financial support, financial services, ecological compensation and other supportive policies in ecological farms. He also stressed the need to strengthen joint efforts to tackle key problems in ecological agricultural technology, relying on support forces such as the modern agricultural industrial technology system and scientific and technological innovation alliance to make breakthroughs in key technologies and important facilities and equipment. We will strengthen the integrated promotion of ecological agricultural technologies, promote the integration and maturing of individual technologies, products and equipment, and form a batch of comprehensive solutions suitable for different regions and fields. Ecological farms should establish a quality traceability system, establish standing books, truthfully record the whole process of production and operation, as an important basis for the application of ecological agricultural technology and evaluation of the implementation effect.

　　We will explore new paths for green, circular and low-carbon development

　　Reporters learned that relevant departments of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in the next step of ecological farm construction has a detailed plan, specifically summarized as "four one" --

　　First, cultivate a group of ecological agricultural market players: organize leading enterprises, cooperatives, family farms and other voluntary applications, conduct comprehensive evaluation through expert evaluation, on-site evaluation and other methods, and select a group of ecological agricultural market players; The selected subjects should be guided to give full play to their advantages, promote and apply standardized ecological agricultural technologies throughout the whole process, improve the environmental quality of producing areas, promote green and low-carbon circular production, and build green ecological brands. To make ecological farm become the pacesetter of implementing agricultural production "three products and one standard", the leader of promoting ecological agriculture construction, and the typical model of accelerating green transformation of agricultural development.

　　Second, to promote a number of ecological agriculture models, including farmland protection, soil fertility improvement, pollution remediation and other habitat conservation technologies; Fertilizer and pesticide reduction, organic fertilizer replacement, biological control and other input reduction technology; Ecological ridge, ecological ditch, ecological corridor and other pastoral ecological system construction technology; Recycling technology of crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, waste plastic film and other wastes; Clean processing, energy-saving storage, low-carbon transportation and other green technologies for agricultural products; We will improve the technical specifications for ecological farms and form a batch of technological models for the development of eco-circular agriculture.

　　Third, explore a set of policies to support ecological agriculture: a fertility compensation policy focusing on returning straw to the field, applying organic fertilizer and preparing the land for deep pine; Environmental compensation policies focusing on chemical pesticide reduction and efficiency improvement, pollution reduction and reduction of livestock and poultry manure, thickening mulching film and full biodegradable mulching film replacement; Low carbon offsetting policies focusing on methane from paddy fields, nitrous oxide from agricultural land, methane from animal gastrointestinal tract, methane from animal manure management and nitrous oxide emission reduction; Supporting policies, such as giving priority to technology promotion, experts' services, financial support, land use guarantee, and product quality at competitive prices; We will continue to improve the system for subsidizing agricultural ecological governance in a green way.

　　Four is to build a set of ecological agriculture monitoring system: urge ecological farms to establish ledger, truthfully record the whole process of production and operation, as an important basis for the application of ecological agriculture technology and implementation effect evaluation; Timely verification of the ecological farm of chemical fertilizer and pesticide reduction, comprehensive utilization of straw, livestock and poultry waste resource utilization, plastic film recovery and utilization of ledger; Sampling and testing of water environment, soil environment and quality of agricultural products; Comprehensive analysis of input-output benefits, sustainable development capacity, corporate social responsibility; Strengthen ecological farm tracking evaluation, timely feedback evaluation information, establish incentive and constraint mechanism.