Carrying "Vegetable Basket"steadily, How to Make Up the Short Board of Mechanization?

　　At present, the mechanization of vegetable production in China has shifted from the beginning to a new stage of accelerated development, but the mechanization level is less than 40%, far from meeting the needs of vegetable industry to improve quality and efficiency. The mechanization level of vegetables in planting area, vegetable species and production process is not balanced. Mainly manifested in the root and leaf vegetables are higher than fruits and vegetables, tillage and field management are higher than transplanting and harvesting, the developed region is higher than the less developed region. The northern plain region is higher than the southern hilly region. In order to ensure the security of vegetable supply in China, how to develop vegetable mechanization? How to resolve the pain point of vegetable mechanization development? In view of these problems, the reporter interviewed the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs vegetable production full mechanization expert steering group leader, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Nanjing Agricultural mechanization Research Institute researcher Chen Yongsheng.

　　Break through from the supply side and the application side

　　"The pain point of vegetable mechanization development is the lack of applicable equipment and high purchase cost on the supply side, and the small scale of operation, poor conditions for mechanization, low level of standardized production and weak professional service capacity on the application side." Chen Yongsheng further pointed out that, on the one hand, part of the link, such as rapid transplanting, efficient harvesting machinery is still blank, the existing part of the machine with unstable performance, and variety, high cost, low subsidies, promotion is very difficult. On the other hand, vegetable planting land is mostly small, scattered, partial, difficult to achieve large-scale management, not suitable for mechanical operations. In addition, the level of standardized production is low, which seriously restricts the utilization rate of machinery and tools. Weak professional service subject and imperfect interest mechanism of service system are also important constraints.

　　How to resolve the pain points, Chen Yongsheng said frankly, first, to give full play to the collaborative guidance role of the industry expert group, the formation of a joint force inside and outside, especially the ministry expert group to strengthen coordination with the national and provincial vegetable industry system related experts, common discussion, reach a consensus, form norms, promote together. second,  to coordinate the construction of high-standard vegetable bases, especially to pay attention to the construction and transformation of appropriate mechanization, select bases with better conditions, with the support of the government, cooperate with the forces of production, learning, research and promotion, continue to carry out the test demonstration and promotion of complete sets of mature mechanization technology and equipment. Third, in guiding and supporting the socialization of vegetable machinery services, we should summarize the existing typical, analyze the existing problems and difficulties, and put forward suggestions on supporting policies and operating mechanisms. Fourth, we will strengthen multidisciplinary research on key technologies and equipment, focusing on rapid transplanting, efficient harvesting and intelligent operation. Fifth，to formulate the whole process of vegetable mechanization production technical specifications, machine and tool configuration scheme and machine and tool operation specifications, and constantly demonstrate, verify, improve, release and promote the specifications. For example, the focus was on 14 typical models proposed by the ministry's expert group in June last year. Finally, it is necessary to investigate the purchase subsidies of key machinery and tools manufacturers and farmers, and on the basis of this, improve the financial subsidy system for purchasing machinery and increase the intensity of financial subsidy.

　　Development vegetable mechanization must promote planting standardization

　　At present, the vegetable industry in China generally has problems such as small scale of operation, many kinds of vegetables, mixed planting patterns, irregular cultivated land and facilities, etc., and the research and development of vegetable machinery and equipment and its selection and matching are often at a loss, and the demonstration and promotion are also fraught with difficulties. "Experience at home and abroad shows that mechanized vegetable production is based on the standardization, scale and specialization of vegetable planting." Chen told reporter that the standardization of vegetable planting, as the premise and foundation of vegetable mechanization, is an important issue that must be solved at present.

　　"In order to implement the standardization and mechanization mode of vegetable planting in China, we must follow the three principles of good quality and stable yield, matching and sharing, and operation of machinery and tools." He explained that while mechanizing production and reducing labor costs, vegetable crops should reach or approach the yield and quality of local manual operations. In order to facilitate the integration of machines and tools between production links and manufacturers, and the intercommunication and sharing of machines and tools between different vegetable bases and vegetable species, planting row spacing should be serialized. In addition, minimum planting spacing should be specified to facilitate machine harvesting operations.

　　The reporter learned that in recent years, all over the vegetable machinery r & D, promotion and application departments actively formulate industry, group or local standards, and actively promote the standardization and mechanization of vegetable production. According to incomplete statistics, 16 relevant standards have been released and implemented between 2019 and 2020, and another 15 are still under development. "Although there are still various regions, vegetable types and production link standards are not connected or even contradictory problems, the overall mechanization of vegetables has played a positive role in promoting." He comments.

　　Polycondensation develops the whole mechanization of vegetables

　　"China's vegetable industry should develop in the direction of large-scale production and operation, mechanization of production conditions, standardization of planting mode, socialization of agricultural machinery services and mechanization of operation. At the same time, we should accelerate the pace of informatization, intelligence and unmanned." The mechanization level of China's vegetable production is expected to reach 70 percent by 2035, and the vegetable industry will embark on the track of high efficiency and sustainable quality development, He said.

　　"To achieve this goal, all parties need to work together." He said vegetable producers should first improve the basic conditions for mechanization, adjust and optimize the spatial and temporal distribution of products, implement appropriate scale production of single products, and improve the level of standardized planting. Researchers need to develop more technologies for vegetable production; agricultural machinery enterprises should provide the market with mechanical products with good performance and stable quality. Agricultural (machine) technology extension personnel, to play a bridge role between equipment production and application, do a good job of new product test and demonstration, guide the standardization of vegetable production; government departments should support the research and development of vegetable machinery, increase subsidies for the purchase of machinery and tools, and guide the socialization of vegetable machinery and professional services.

　　The reporter understands, He lead the team members, will study the appropriate focus on vegetable production machine condition construction, fully mechanized planting patterns, agricultural machinery, agricultural integration of the main standards and fine soil preparation and high-speed transplanting equipment aspect, has conducted in Nanjing, the vegetable production guidance on the appropriate machine building, the mechanization of vegetable production in jiangsu province for the whole demonstration park construction guidance, The standardized planting mode of green leaf and cabbage vegetables was put forward and popularized and applied in Jiangsu, Shanghai, Hubei, Hunan and other places, which had a positive impact on promoting the mechanization of vegetable production and the standardization of planting mode in China.